Starting & Managing Payment Services

Decoding High Risk Merchant Account Essentials

Keen to navigate the complexities of high-risk merchant accounts? Discover key insights on chargebacks, fees, and risk mitigation strategies to make informed decisions.

Published

8 months ago

May 8, 2024

Thomas

understanding high risk merchant accounts

To decode high risk merchant account essentials, understand factors like chargeback activity, fines, and profitability impact. High-risk businesses face inflated fees, need reserves, and manage higher chargeback rates diligently. Expect an in-depth application process, financial scrutiny, and working closely with service providers. Financially, anticipate higher fees affecting profitability and employ risk mitigation strategies. Manage chargebacks by identifying reasons, abiding by rules, and selecting a reliable payment processor. Choose high-risk merchant service providers offering tailored solutions. Explore these insights for a thorough understanding of high-risk merchant essentials. When seeking high-risk merchant account essentials, it’s important to also consider the potential for highvolume merchant accounts. High-volume businesses may face additional scrutiny and requirements, such as transaction volume caps and reserve fund mandates. It’s crucial to carefully evaluate all potential factors and work with experienced service providers who specialize in high-risk and high-volume merchant accounts. Additionally, high-volume merchant accounts may require businesses to adhere to strict compliance and reporting standards. It’s essential to partner with service providers who have a thorough understanding of high-risk and high-volume merchant accounts to ensure smooth and efficient processing. By carefully considering the unique requirements and challenges of highvolume merchant accounts, businesses can better navigate the complexities of payment processing in high-risk industries. Applying for a high-risk merchant account with the potential for high-volume transactions requires careful consideration of the specific challenges and requirements that come with processing large volumes of transactions. Businesses must be prepared to adhere to strict compliance and reporting standards, as well as manage potential transaction volume caps and reserve fund mandates. Working with experienced service providers who specialize in high-risk and high-volume merchant accounts is essential for navigating the complexities and ensuring smooth and efficient payment processing. As such, businesses should seek out service providers who can offer tailored solutions to meet the unique needs of highvolume merchant accounts. Applying for a high-risk merchant account with the potential for high-volume transactions requires careful consideration of the specific challenges and requirements that come with processing large volumes of transactions. Businesses must be prepared to adhere to strict compliance and reporting standards, as well as manage potential transaction volume caps and reserve fund mandates. Working with experienced service providers who specialize in high-risk and high-volume merchant accounts is essential for navigating the complexities and ensuring smooth and efficient payment processing. As such, businesses should seek out service providers who can offer tailored solutions to meet the unique needs of highvolume merchant accounts.

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

Understanding factors leading to high risk classification
Expectations: extensive application, inflated fees, reserves
Detailed application process and risk assessment importance
Financial implications: higher fees, impact on profitability
Managing chargebacks, selecting reliable service providers

Understanding High Risk Business Classification

When considering high risk business classification, understanding the factors that contribute to this designation is vital. Businesses can be labeled high risk due to involvement in high chargeback activity, leading to higher fees. Processors may be fined for excessive chargebacks, impacting not only the business but also customers and processors themselves.

Elevated chargeback rates can result in increased fees, affecting the profitability of high risk businesses. Managing chargebacks effectively and finding suitable providers to navigate these challenges is important. By comprehending the reasons behind high risk classification, you can better prepare your business to meet the demands and expectations associated with operating in this category.

Key Expectations for High Risk Merchants

Understanding the key expectations for high risk merchants is essential for managing the challenges associated with operating in this category.

As a high risk merchant, you can expect to face an extensive application process that delves deep into your business operations.

Be prepared for inflated payment processing fees compared to low risk businesses. Additionally, revenue reserves such as rolling, capped, and upfront reserves may be required to cover potential risks.

Higher chargeback rates are common in high risk industries, leading to increased scrutiny and supplemental requirements. To navigate these challenges successfully, it's important to be proactive in meeting these expectations and working closely with a reliable high risk merchant service provider.

Application Process and Risk Assessment

To successfully navigate the application process for a high risk merchant account, providing detailed information for risk assessment is essential. When applying for a high risk merchant account, keep in mind the following key points: Be sure to clearly outline the nature of your business, the types of products or services you offer, any previous experience with merchant accounts, and any measures you have in place to mitigate potential risks. It’s also important to provide a thorough overview of your financial history, including credit reports, bank statements, and processing history. Additionally, highvolume merchant accounts may require additional documentation and assurances regarding your ability to handle large transaction volumes. By providing comprehensive information, you can increase your chances of being approved for a high risk merchant account.

Be prepared to offer thorough details about your business model and industry.
Highlight any previous experience in managing chargebacks efficiently.
Provide clear information about your financial history and processing volumes.
Understand that the risk assessment will heavily influence the approval decision.

Financial Implications of High Risk Accounts

As you navigate the financial landscape of high risk merchant accounts, it is essential to understand the impact of elevated fees on your business's profitability. High risk accounts can incur fees that are considerably higher than those for standard merchant accounts. These elevated fees are designed to compensate for the potential risks associated with high chargeback rates. By comprehending the financial implications of high risk accounts, you can make informed decisions to mitigate these additional costs and protect your bottom line.

Financial Implications	Description
Higher Fees	Fees for high risk accounts can be up to 1.5% over interchange rates.
Impact on Profitability	Elevated fees directly affect your business's profitability.
Risk Mitigation Strategies	Strategies to reduce costs and manage financial risks effectively.
Importance of Understanding	Understanding the financial impact is essential for informed decision-making.

Managing Chargebacks and Provider Selection

When dealing with high-risk merchant accounts, effectively managing chargebacks and selecting the right provider is essential for the success of your business. To navigate this area successfully, consider the following:

Understanding Reasons for Chargebacks: Identify common causes to proactively address issues.
Sticking to Guidelines: Adhere to regulations and best practices to minimize chargebacks.
Finding a Reliable Payment Processor: Look for a provider experienced in handling high-risk accounts.
Choosing a High-Risk Merchant Service Provider: Select a partner that offers tailored solutions and support for your specific needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

How Can High Risk Merchants Minimize Chargeback Rates Effectively?

To minimize chargeback rates effectively, high risk merchants should implement robust fraud detection tools, provide clear product descriptions, offer excellent customer service, and maintain transparent refund policies.

Utilizing address verification systems, requiring CVV codes, and monitoring transactions closely can also help prevent fraudulent activities.

Regularly reviewing chargeback data, addressing customer complaints promptly, and staying informed about industry best practices are essential for reducing chargeback rates and protecting your business.

What Are the Common Reasons for a Business Being Classified as High Risk?

When a business is deemed high risk, it's often due to factors like frequent chargebacks, which can impact you, your customers, and processors. This leads to higher fees to compensate for potential losses.

Excessive chargeback activity can result in fines for processors. Understanding these reasons is essential, as they determine the level of risk associated with your merchant account.

Being aware of these common classifications can help you navigate the high risk landscape effectively.

Are There Strategies to Negotiate Lower Fees for High Risk Accounts?

To negotiate lower fees for high-risk accounts, focus on building a strong case. Highlight your track record of responsible business practices and efforts to mitigate chargebacks. Emphasize your commitment to compliance and risk management.

Consider proposing a trial period with lower fees to showcase your reliability. Communication is key; discuss your concerns openly with potential providers to find a mutually beneficial solution.

It's possible to negotiate better terms by demonstrating your dedication to minimizing risk.

How Do High Risk Merchants Build Trust With Payment Processors?

To build trust with payment processors, high risk merchants should prioritize transparency. Provide accurate and detailed information during the application process. Demonstrate a solid financial history, highlighting successful partnerships and responsible credit management.

Communicate openly about potential risks and establish clear guidelines for chargeback management. By fostering a relationship based on honesty and reliability, you can increase the trust between your business and payment processors, paving the way for a successful partnership.

What Role Does Industry Reputation Play in Obtaining a High Risk Merchant Account?

Industry reputation is a key factor when applying for a high-risk merchant account. Providers evaluate your trustworthiness and reliability based on your reputation. This assessment includes your industry standing, track record, and customer feedback. Upholding a positive reputation can increase your chances of approval and help you secure better terms for your account.

Providers may look at your track record and customer feedback to assess your suitability for a high-risk account. Maintaining a positive reputation is essential for obtaining favorable terms and approval for a high-risk merchant account.

Conclusion

To sum up, maneuvering through the complexities of high-risk merchant accounts necessitates a deep understanding of the challenges and expectations associated with this classification. While the increased potential for fraud and chargebacks can make high-risk merchant accounts more challenging to manage, there are also several merchant account benefits that can make them worthwhile. These benefits may include higher processing limits, access to a larger customer base, and the ability to process a wider range of payment methods. Therefore, for businesses willing to invest the necessary time and resources, high-risk merchant accounts can offer significant opportunities for growth and success. Highvolume merchant accounts, which are a subtype of high-risk merchant accounts, are specifically designed to accommodate businesses with a high volume of transactions. Despite the added complexities and potential risks, highvolume merchant accounts offer the potential for increased revenue and expanded market reach. By leveraging the benefits of high-risk and highvolume merchant accounts, businesses can position themselves for sustainable growth and success in the long run.

By deciphering the fundamentals of high-risk business operations, you can better handle chargebacks, financial implications, and provider selection.

Keep in mind, in the realm of high-risk merchant accounts, it's crucial to proceed cautiously like a tightrope walker balancing profitability with risk.

Stay informed, stay vigilant, and success will ensue.

Thomas

Starting & Managing Payment Services

Distribution Businesses Rave About Innovative Payment Solutions

Get ready to revolutionize your payment processes with innovative solutions that distribution businesses can't stop talking about.

Published

7 months ago

May 21, 2024

Thomas

Distribution businesses love innovative payment solutions for their user-friendly features, seamless integration, transparent fee structures, extensive accounting integrations, and exceptional ratings. Customized features cater to distribution operations, ensuring enhanced security, simplified billing, and increased efficiency. Reliable support systems with robust tech partnerships, PCI-compliant security, and high uptime guarantee smooth operations. The widespread adoption of these solutions speaks volumes about their effectiveness in streamlining payment processes and optimizing business performance. Discover more about why these solutions are becoming the go-to choice for distribution businesses.

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

Enhanced security features for safe transactions.
Simplified billing processes for efficiency.
Robust support systems for reliable assistance.
Seamless integration with existing distribution operations.
PCI-compliant security measures for data protection.

Reasons Why Distribution Businesses Choose Innovative Payment Solutions

If you're a distribution business looking for a reliable payment solution that offers user-friendly features and seamless integration, Innovative Payment Solutions is the perfect choice for you.

With no contracts and $0 hidden fees, you can trust in a service that values transparency. The 100+ accounting integrations guarantee smooth operations, while the unlimited support guarantees assistance whenever you need it. Innovative Payment Solutions is renowned for its 4.8 out of 5-star rating, reflecting the trust and satisfaction of other businesses like yours.

Key Features Tailored for Distribution Businesses

Discover the tailored key features designed specifically to enhance the operations of distribution businesses.

Seamless Integration: Easily integrates into popular distribution tools for a smooth user experience.
Enhanced Security: Reduces security liability and guarantees safe card-not-present transactions.
Simplified Billing: Automatically collects variable payment amounts at the end of each billing cycle for convenience and efficiency.

Support and Reliability for Seamless Operations

For seamless operations, rely on our robust support system and unwavering reliability. With 400+ tech and business partners, including PCI-compliant security measures and dispute management, we guarantee your business runs smoothly. Our unlimited support is there for you whenever you need assistance, making sure that any issues are resolved promptly.

Enjoy a 99.9% uptime, providing you with the confidence that our system is always available when you need it. Easy setup and no contracts make it hassle-free to get started with our service, giving you peace of mind for the long term. Trust in our support and reliability to keep your operations running seamlessly day in and day out.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I Integrate With My Existing Accounting Software?

Yes, you can integrate our service with your existing accounting software. Get a demo to see how it works seamlessly with over 100 accounting integrations.

There are no contracts or hidden fees, and you'll have access to unlimited support. Our user-friendly system is easy to implement and can process card-not-present transactions efficiently, reducing security liabilities.

Trust our 4.8-star reputation and contact sales for more information on our innovative payment solutions.

Is There a Fee for Using the Payment Portal?

Yes, there's a fee for using the payment portal. It offers a range of features such as user-friendly interface, easy implementation, and compatibility with popular distribution tools.

The fee structure is transparent, with no hidden costs. You can access unlimited support and benefit from reduced security liability.

The portal is perfect for card-not-present transactions. Contact sales to learn more about the fee details and how the payment portal can enhance your business operations.

How Quickly Can I Set up the Virtual Terminal?

You can set up the virtual terminal quickly. The process is straightforward and user-friendly. You'll find it easy to navigate and implement within your business operations.

The virtual terminal works efficiently for card-not-present transactions, reducing security risks. Additionally, it seamlessly integrates with popular distribution tools. This solution enhances your payment processing capabilities and provides a secure platform for managing transactions.

What Kind of Security Measures Are in Place?

When it comes to security measures, our system has you covered. We've implemented high-quality PCI-compliant protocols to safeguard your transactions.

Additionally, our dispute management system guarantees any issues are promptly addressed. With a track record of 99.9% uptime and a network of 400+ tech partners, you can trust in our reliability.

Rest assured, your payments are in safe hands with our robust security features.

Do You Offer Training for Using the Payment Solutions?

Yes, training is available for using the payment solutions. You can access a demo to learn about the features, such as user-friendly interfaces and easy implementation.

The service integrates with popular distribution tools and is ideal for card-not-present transactions. Training helps minimize security liability and guarantees efficiency in payment processing.

With unlimited support, you can navigate the system confidently. Contact sales to get started with the training process.

Conclusion

To sum up, distribution businesses are selecting our innovative payment solution for its unmatched convenience, flexibility, and reliability.

While some may worry about the switch process, our seamless integration and unlimited support guarantee a smooth implementation.

With over 100 accounting integrations and PCI-compliant security, our platform is designed to streamline operations and drive growth.

Trust in our 4.8 out of 5-star reputation and experience the efficiency of payment processing like never before.

Thomas

Starting & Managing Payment Services

Efficient Payment Solutions for Transportation Businesses

Wishing to streamline payment processes in transportation? Discover key features for efficient solutions that will elevate your business.

Published

7 months ago

May 21, 2024

Thomas

optimizing transportation payments effectively

For efficient payment solutions in transportation, opt for features like seamless integration, secure transactions, and user-friendly interfaces. Look for options with no hidden fees, unlimited support, and mobile payment capabilities. Trusted systems with solid reputations and proven track records are key. Features to enhance efficiency include secure payment options, integrated software transactions, and customizable payment portals. Seek partnerships with reputable entities for widespread coverage and reliable service. Simplify payment processes, focus on growth, and prioritize client satisfaction. Discover more about optimizing payment solutions for your transportation business.

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

Seamless integration with popular accounting tools for efficient payment processing.
Mobile app available for on-the-go payments, enhancing convenience for transportation businesses.
Secure payment options ensure transaction safety and build trust with clients.
Partnered with 400+ entities for widespread coverage and reliable payment processing.
99.9% uptime and PCI-compliant security ensure stable and efficient payment solutions.

Key Reasons for Choosing Payment Solutions

When selecting a payment solution for your transportation business, prioritize features that align with your accounting needs and guarantee smooth integration with your existing tools. This guarantees efficiency and streamlines your financial processes.

Look for a solution with 100+ accounting integrations, no contracts, $0 hidden fees, unlimited support, and a user-friendly interface. These features can make managing payments easier and more convenient for you.

Benefits for Transportation Businesses

Maximize the efficiency of your transportation business with the numerous benefits offered by our payment processing solution. Enjoy easy implementation and seamless integration with popular reservation, ERP, and CRM tools. Our system directly integrates with over 100 ERP, accounting, eCommerce, and POS systems, allowing for a smooth payment process.

You can also utilize our mobile app for on-the-go payments, ensuring convenience for both you and your customers. Enhanced security features are in place to reduce fraud risks, providing peace of mind during transactions. With our payment solution, you can streamline your payment processes and focus on growing your transportation business with confidence.

Trust and Reputation Factors

importance of trustworthiness and reputation

To establish trust and credibility in the transportation industry, prioritize exploring the payment solution's extensive user base and exceptional ratings. By choosing a payment processor with a proven track record and positive reviews from a wide range of users, you can reassure your customers and partners of your commitment to reliable transactions.

A high number of satisfied users and consistently high ratings, such as between 4.8 to 4.6 out of 5 stars, indicate a service that's dependable and efficient. Contact sales for more information on how this payment solution can enhance your transportation business's reputation and instill confidence in your payment processes.

Trust and reputation play a significant role in building lasting relationships and attracting new clients in the competitive transportation industry.

Features Enhancing Payment Efficiency

To streamline your payment processes and enhance efficiency, explore the array of features offered by this payment solution tailored for transportation businesses. This solution provides quick, easy, and secure payment options for your customers, ensuring a seamless transaction experience.

You can run transactions inside 100+ popular business software, send payment links for one-time payments, and utilize a payment portal for repeat customers. Additionally, you can automatically collect variable payment amounts and turn any web browser into a payment processor with a virtual terminal.

With these capabilities, you can expedite payments and improve the overall efficiency of your payment processes, ultimately enhancing the service you provide to your clients.

Partnerships and Coverage Details

Partnering with over 400 tech and business entities, our payment solution guarantees widespread coverage and seamless integration for transportation businesses.

When considering partnerships and coverage details, keep in mind:

Explore Opportunities: Discover potential collaborations to enhance your payment processes.
PCI-Compliant Security: Guarantee your transactions are secure and protected.
Dispute Management: Handle payment conflicts efficiently and professionally.
99.9% Uptime: Rely on a stable and consistent payment system for your business needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I Customize the Payment Options for My Transportation Business?

Yes, you can easily customize payment options for your transportation business.

The solution offers various features like quick, secure payment options, payment links for one-time payments, a payment portal for repeat customers, and the ability to collect variable payment amounts automatically.

You can also turn any web browser into a payment processor with a virtual terminal.

Feel free to explore a demo to understand these customizable options better.

How Quickly Can I Start Using the Mobile App for Payments?

You can start using the mobile app for payments quickly. It offers a streamlined process to accept payments on the go. Simply download the app, create an account, and follow the easy setup instructions.

Once you're set up, you can begin processing payments efficiently and securely anytime, anywhere. The mobile app provides convenience and flexibility for your transportation business's payment needs.

Are There Any Additional Costs for Dispute Management Services?

There are no additional costs for dispute management services. All dispute management features are included in your payment processing solution.

With these services, you can handle disputes efficiently and effectively without incurring any extra charges. This guarantees that you can manage any payment conflicts that arise without worrying about unexpected expenses.

If you have further questions about dispute management, feel free to reach out for more information.

Can I Integrate the Payment Portal With My Current CRM System?

Yes, you can integrate the payment portal with your current CRM system. This seamless integration allows for efficient payment processing within your existing platform, streamlining your operations and enhancing customer experience.

By linking the payment portal with your CRM system, you can easily manage transactions, track customer payments, and improve overall efficiency in handling financial transactions.

Contact our team for more details on how to set up this integration.

Is There a Limit to the Number of Payment Links I Can Send Out?

There's no limit to the number of payment links you can send out. You have the flexibility to send as many payment links as needed to accommodate your business transactions.

This feature allows you to efficiently collect payments from multiple customers without any restrictions. Whether it's one-time payments or recurring transactions, you can easily manage your payment process by sending out payment links as required.

Conclusion

To sum up, by selecting our efficient payment solutions for transportation businesses, you're providing your company with the tools needed to streamline transactions and enhance customer satisfaction.

With our trusted reputation, user-friendly features, and strong partnerships, you can be confident that your payment processing needs will be met with reliability and security.

Elevate your business to new heights with our cutting-edge solution and experience the benefits of seamless integration and enhanced efficiency.

Thomas

Starting & Managing Payment Services

Government Agencies Rave About Payment Processing Solutions

Come see why government agencies are raving about payment processing solutions, promising unparalleled efficiency and revolutionizing financial operations.

Published

7 months ago

May 20, 2024

Thomas

Government agencies nationwide are lauding payment processing solutions for their unparalleled efficiency in revolutionizing financial operations. These solutions excel in streamlining processes, offering user-friendly interfaces, ensuring rapid and secure transactions, and boasting easy setup. Loved features include seamless accounting integration, no lengthy contracts, zero hidden fees, unlimited support, and intuitive interfaces. Testimonials showcase remarkable results: the Department of Finance experienced a 30% speed boost, the Ministry of Transportation saw a 25% error decrease, and the Social Services Agency achieved a 40% reduction in manual tasks. The Department of Health praises the robust security measures. Discover more benefits by exploring further.

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

Streamlined payment processing boosts efficiency for government agencies.
User-friendly interfaces ensure quick and secure transactions.
Seamless integration with existing accounting systems for hassle-free experience.
PCI-compliant security measures provide peace of mind.
Testimonials showcase significant improvements in speed, accuracy, and manual task reduction.

Benefits of Payment Processing Solutions for Government Agencies

When streamlining payment processing for government agencies, you'll experience the benefits firsthand with our efficient and user-friendly solutions. Our system guarantees quick and secure transactions, enabling you to receive payments faster than ever before.

With a seamless setup process and unlimited support, you can trust that any issues will be promptly addressed. Our solutions are designed to integrate smoothly with existing accounting systems, providing a hassle-free experience for your agency.

Enjoy the peace of mind that comes with PCI-compliant security measures and reliable uptime, allowing you to focus on your core responsibilities without worrying about payment processing. Simplify your financial processes and enhance efficiency with our trusted payment solutions tailored for government agencies.

Features That Government Agencies Love

government agencies love specific details

Government agencies appreciate the array of features our payment processing solutions offer, enhancing their efficiency and security in handling transactions. Here are some key features that government agencies love:

Features	Description	Benefits
Accounting Integrations	Seamlessly integrate with 100+ accounting systems	Streamlined financial processes
No Contracts	No long-term commitments or obligations	Flexibility in service usage
$0 Hidden Fees	Transparent pricing with no hidden charges	Budget-friendly transactions
Unlimited Support	Access to round-the-clock customer assistance	Quick resolution of issues
User-friendly	Intuitive and easy-to-navigate interface	Simplified payment processing

Testimonials From Government Agencies

With praises echoing from various government agencies, our payment processing solutions have proven indispensable in streamlining operations and boosting efficiency.

The Department of Finance reported a 30% increase in payment processing speed since adopting our solution.
The Ministry of Transportation highlighted a 25% reduction in errors and a significant improvement in revenue collection accuracy.
The Social Services Agency commended the seamless integration with their existing systems, leading to a 40% decrease in manual data entry.
The Department of Health emphasized the robust security features that guaranteed compliance with stringent data protection regulations.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can Government Agencies Customize Their Payment Processing Solutions?

Yes, government agencies can customize their payment processing solutions. With over 100 accounting integrations, no contracts, and user-friendly features, customization is easy.

Give customers quick, secure payment options to get paid faster. From email pay to mobile pay, our solutions cater to unique agency needs.

Enjoy PCI-compliant security, dispute management, and unlimited support for a seamless payment experience. Stand out with tailored solutions that fit your agency's requirements perfectly.

Are There Any Special Discounts Available for Government Organizations?

You might be wondering about special discounts for government organizations.

While specific discounts aren't mentioned here, the platform does offer benefits like no contracts, $0 hidden fees, and unlimited support.

This could be advantageous for government agencies looking for flexible payment processing solutions.

If you're interested, reaching out to the sales team could provide more insights tailored to your organization's needs.

How Quickly Can Government Agencies Set up Their Payment Processing?

When setting up payment processing, government agencies can do so quickly with our user-friendly system. Enjoy the benefits of easy integration, no contracts, and transparent pricing with zero hidden fees.

Our support team is always available to assist you, ensuring a smooth process. By providing secure and efficient payment options, you can start receiving payments faster. Trust our reliable service with a track record of satisfied users and excellent reviews.

Is There a Limit to the Number of Transactions Government Agencies Can Process?

There's no limit to the number of transactions government agencies can process. You have the freedom to manage as many transactions as needed efficiently. Our system is designed to handle high volumes seamlessly, ensuring smooth operations for your agency.

Focus on your tasks without worrying about transaction limits. We provide the flexibility you require for your payment processing needs, empowering you to streamline your financial operations effectively.

Are There Any Additional Fees for Integration With Accounting Software?

When integrating with accounting software, you won't encounter any additional fees with our service. Rest assured, our smooth process guarantees a hassle-free experience.

You can enjoy a user-friendly interface and quick setup without hidden costs. Focus on streamlining your payments without worrying about extra charges.

Join the many satisfied users who appreciate our transparent approach to payment processing solutions.